Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) turbulent combustion model. More...

Inheritance diagram for EDC< ReactionThermo >:

Collaboration diagram for EDC< ReactionThermo >:

Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("EDC")

	EDC (const word &modelType, ReactionThermo &type, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties)

virtual	~EDC ()

virtual void	correct ()

virtual tmp< fvScalarMatrix >	R (volScalarField &Y) const

virtual tmp< volScalarField >	Qdot () const

virtual bool	read ()

Public Member Functions inherited from laminar< ReactionThermo >
	TypeName ("laminar")

	laminar (const word &modelType, ReactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties)

virtual	~laminar ()

Public Member Functions inherited from ChemistryCombustion< ReactionThermo >
	ChemistryCombustion (const word &modelType, ReactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties)

virtual	~ChemistryCombustion ()

virtual ReactionThermo &	thermo ()

virtual const ReactionThermo &	thermo () const

Public Member Functions inherited from CombustionModel< ReactionThermo >
	TypeName ("CombustionModel")

	declareRunTimeSelectionTable (autoPtr, CombustionModel, dictionary,(const word &modelType, ReactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties),(modelType, thermo, turb, combustionProperties))

	CombustionModel (const word &modelType, ReactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties)

virtual	~CombustionModel ()

Public Member Functions inherited from combustionModel
	TypeName ("combustionModel")

	combustionModel (const word &modelType, basicThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties=combustionPropertiesName)

virtual	~combustionModel ()

const fvMesh &	mesh () const

const compressibleTurbulenceModel &	turbulence () const

const volScalarField &	rho () const

tmp< surfaceScalarField >	phi () const

const Switch &	active () const

const dictionary &	coeffs () const

template<class CombustionModel >
Foam::autoPtr< CombustionModel >	New (typename CombustionModel::reactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties)

Public Member Functions inherited from IOdictionary
	IOdictionary (const IOobject &io, const dictionary *fallback=nullptr)

	IOdictionary (const IOobject &io, const dictionary &dict)

	IOdictionary (const IOobject &io, const word &wantedType, const dictionary *fallback=nullptr)

	IOdictionary (const IOobject &io, Istream &is)

virtual	~IOdictionary ()=default

virtual bool	global () const

virtual fileName	filePath () const

Public Member Functions inherited from baseIOdictionary
	TypeName ("dictionary")

	baseIOdictionary (const baseIOdictionary &)=default

	baseIOdictionary (baseIOdictionary &&)=default

virtual	~baseIOdictionary ()=default

	baseIOdictionary (const IOobject &io, const dictionary *fallback=nullptr)

	baseIOdictionary (const IOobject &io, const dictionary &dict)

	baseIOdictionary (const IOobject &io, Istream &is)

const word &	name () const

virtual bool	readData (Istream &)

virtual bool	writeData (Ostream &) const

void	operator= (const baseIOdictionary &rhs)

void	operator= (const dictionary &rhs)

Public Member Functions inherited from regIOobject
	TypeName ("regIOobject")

	regIOobject (const IOobject &io, const bool isTimeObject=false)

	regIOobject (const regIOobject &rio)

	regIOobject (const regIOobject &rio, bool registerCopy)

	regIOobject (const word &newName, const regIOobject &, bool registerCopy)

	regIOobject (const IOobject &io, const regIOobject &rio)

virtual	~regIOobject ()

bool	checkIn ()

bool	checkOut ()

virtual void	addWatch ()

bool	ownedByRegistry () const

bool	store ()

void	release (const bool unregister=false)

label	eventNo () const

label &	eventNo ()

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &) const

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &) const

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &) const

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &) const

void	setUpToDate ()

virtual void	rename (const word &newName)

const dictionary *	findMetaData () const noexcept

dictionary &	getMetaData () noexcept

void	removeMetaData ()

virtual void	updateMetaData ()

bool	headerOk ()

Istream &	readStream (const word &, const bool valid=true)

void	close ()

virtual label	addWatch (const fileName &)

const labelList &	watchIndices () const

labelList &	watchIndices ()

virtual bool	modified () const

virtual bool	readIfModified ()

virtual bool	writeObject (IOstreamOption streamOpt, const bool valid) const

virtual bool	write (const bool valid=true) const

void	operator= (const IOobject &io)

virtual bool	writeObject (IOstreamOption::streamFormat fmt, IOstreamOption::versionNumber ver, IOstreamOption::compressionType comp, const bool valid) const

Public Member Functions inherited from IOobject
	TypeName ("IOobject")

	IOobject (const IOobject &)=default

virtual	~IOobject ()=default

	IOobject (const word &name, const fileName &instance, const objectRegistry &registry, readOption r=NO_READ, writeOption w=NO_WRITE, bool registerObject=true, bool globalObject=false)

	IOobject (const word &name, const fileName &instance, const fileName &local, const objectRegistry &registry, readOption r=NO_READ, writeOption w=NO_WRITE, bool registerObject=true, bool globalObject=false)

	IOobject (const fileName &path, const objectRegistry &registry, readOption r=NO_READ, writeOption w=NO_WRITE, bool registerObject=true, bool globalObject=false)

	IOobject (const IOobject &io, const objectRegistry &registry)

	IOobject (const IOobject &io, const word &name)

	IOobject (const IOobject &io, readOption, writeOption)

autoPtr< IOobject >	clone () const

autoPtr< IOobject >	clone (const objectRegistry &registry) const

const objectRegistry &	db () const noexcept

const Time &	time () const

const word &	name () const noexcept

const word &	headerClassName () const noexcept

word &	headerClassName () noexcept

const string &	note () const noexcept

string &	note () noexcept

bool	registerObject () const noexcept

bool	registerObject (bool on) noexcept

bool	globalObject () const noexcept

bool	globalObject (bool on) noexcept

unsigned	labelByteSize () const noexcept

unsigned	scalarByteSize () const noexcept

bool	isHeaderClassName (const word &clsName) const

template<class Type >
bool	isHeaderClassName () const

readOption	readOpt () const noexcept

readOption	readOpt (readOption opt) noexcept

writeOption	writeOpt () const noexcept

writeOption	writeOpt (writeOption opt) noexcept

word	group () const

word	member () const

const fileName &	rootPath () const

const fileName &	caseName () const

const fileName &	instance () const noexcept

fileName &	instance () noexcept

const fileName &	local () const noexcept

fileName	path () const

fileName	path (const word &instance, const fileName &local=fileName::null) const

fileName	objectPath () const

fileName	objectRelPath () const

fileName	localFilePath (const word &typeName, const bool search=true) const

fileName	globalFilePath (const word &typeName, const bool search=true) const

IOstreamOption	parseHeader (const dictionary &headerDict)

bool	readHeader (Istream &is)

bool	readHeader (dictionary &headerDict, Istream &is)

template<class Type >
bool	typeHeaderOk (const bool checkType=true, const bool search=true, const bool verbose=true)

template<class Type >
void	warnNoRereading () const

bool	writeHeader (Ostream &os) const

bool	writeHeader (Ostream &os, const word &objectType) const

void	writeHeader (dictionary &dict, IOstreamOption streamOpt) const

void	writeHeader (dictionary &dict, const word &objectType, IOstreamOption streamOpt) const

bool	good () const noexcept

bool	bad () const noexcept

InfoProxy< IOobject >	info () const

void	operator= (const IOobject &io)

readOption &	readOpt () noexcept

writeOption &	writeOpt () noexcept

bool &	registerObject () noexcept

bool &	globalObject () noexcept

template<>
bool	isHeaderClassName () const

template<class StringType >
Foam::word	groupName (StringType base, const word &group)

Public Member Functions inherited from dictionary
	ClassName ("dictionary")

	dictionary ()

	dictionary (const fileName &name)

	dictionary (const fileName &name, const dictionary &parentDict, Istream &is, bool keepHeader=false)

	dictionary (Istream &is)

	dictionary (Istream &is, bool keepHeader)

	dictionary (const dictionary &parentDict, const dictionary &dict)

	dictionary (const dictionary &dict)

	dictionary (const dictionary *dict)

	dictionary (const dictionary &parentDict, dictionary &&dict)

	dictionary (dictionary &&dict)

autoPtr< dictionary >	clone () const

virtual	~dictionary ()

const fileName &	name () const noexcept

fileName &	name () noexcept

word	dictName () const

fileName	relativeName (const bool caseTag=false) const

bool	isNullDict () const noexcept

const dictionary &	parent () const noexcept

const dictionary &	topDict () const

label	startLineNumber () const

label	endLineNumber () const

SHA1Digest	digest () const

tokenList	tokens () const

bool	found (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

entry *	findEntry (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

const entry *	findEntry (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

const entry *	findScoped (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

dictionary *	findDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

const dictionary *	findDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

const entry &	lookupEntry (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt) const

ITstream &	lookup (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
T	get (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
T	getOrDefault (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
T	getOrAdd (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

template<class T >
bool	readEntry (const word &keyword, T &val, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX, bool mandatory=true) const

template<class T >
bool	readIfPresent (const word &keyword, T &val, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T , class Predicate >
T	getCheck (const word &keyword, const Predicate &pred, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T , class Predicate >
T	getCheckOrDefault (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, const Predicate &pred, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T , class Predicate >
T	getCheckOrAdd (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, const Predicate &pred, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

template<class T , class Predicate >
bool	readCheck (const word &keyword, T &val, const Predicate &pred, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX, bool mandatory=true) const

template<class T , class Predicate >
bool	readCheckIfPresent (const word &keyword, T &val, const Predicate &pred, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

bool	isDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

const dictionary &	subDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

dictionary &	subDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

dictionary &	subDictOrAdd (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

dictionary	subOrEmptyDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX, const bool mandatory=false) const

const dictionary &	optionalSubDict (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

wordList	toc () const

wordList	sortedToc () const

template<class Compare >
wordList	sortedToc (const Compare &comp) const

List< keyType >	keys (bool patterns=false) const

bool	substituteKeyword (const word &keyword, bool mergeEntry=false)

bool	substituteScopedKeyword (const word &keyword, bool mergeEntry=false)

entry *	add (entry *entryPtr, bool mergeEntry=false)

entry *	add (const entry &e, bool mergeEntry=false)

entry *	add (const keyType &k, const word &v, bool overwrite=false)

entry *	add (const keyType &k, const string &v, bool overwrite=false)

entry *	add (const keyType &k, const label v, bool overwrite=false)

entry *	add (const keyType &k, const scalar v, bool overwrite=false)

entry *	add (const keyType &k, const dictionary &d, bool mergeEntry=false)

template<class T >
entry *	add (const keyType &k, const T &v, bool overwrite=false)

entry *	set (entry *entryPtr)

entry *	set (const entry &e)

entry *	set (const keyType &k, const dictionary &v)

template<class T >
entry *	set (const keyType &k, const T &v)

bool	remove (const word &keyword)

bool	changeKeyword (const keyType &oldKeyword, const keyType &newKeyword, bool overwrite=false)

bool	merge (const dictionary &dict)

void	clear ()

void	transfer (dictionary &dict)

void	checkITstream (const ITstream &is, const word &keyword) const

bool	read (Istream &is)

bool	read (Istream &is, bool keepHeader)

void	writeEntry (Ostream &os) const

void	writeEntry (const keyType &keyword, Ostream &os) const

void	writeEntries (Ostream &os, const bool extraNewLine=false) const

void	write (Ostream &os, const bool subDict=true) const

const_searcher	csearch (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

const_searcher	search (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

searcher	search (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX)

const_searcher	csearchScoped (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option) const

const_searcher	searchScoped (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option) const

searcher	searchScoped (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option)

const dictionary *	cfindScopedDict (const fileName &dictPath) const

const dictionary *	findScopedDict (const fileName &dictPath) const

dictionary *	findScopedDict (const fileName &dictPath)

dictionary *	makeScopedDict (const fileName &dictPath)

const_searcher	csearchCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

bool	foundCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

const entry *	findCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, enum keyType::option) const

const entry &	lookupEntryCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, enum keyType::option) const

ITstream &	lookupCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
T	getCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
T	getOrDefaultCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, const T &deflt, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
bool	readCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, T &val, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX, bool mandatory=true) const

template<class T >
bool	readIfPresentCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, T &val, enum keyType::option=keyType::REGEX) const

void	operator= (const dictionary &rhs)

void	operator+= (const dictionary &rhs)

void	operator\|= (const dictionary &rhs)

void	operator<<= (const dictionary &rhs)

template<class T >
T	lookupOrDefault (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

template<class T >
T	lookupOrAddDefault (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX)

template<class T >
T	lookupOrDefaultCompat (const word &keyword, std::initializer_list< std::pair< const char *, int >> compat, const T &deflt, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const

ITstream &	operator[] (const word &keyword) const

bool	found (const word &keyword, bool recursive, bool patternMatch=true) const

entry *	lookupEntryPtr (const word &keyword, bool recursive, bool patternMatch)

const entry *	lookupEntryPtr (const word &keyword, bool recursive, bool patternMatch) const

const entry *	lookupScopedEntryPtr (const word &keyword, bool recursive, bool patternMatch) const

const dictionary *	subDictPtr (const word &keyword) const

dictionary *	subDictPtr (const word &keyword)

const entry &	lookupEntry (const word &keyword, bool recursive, bool patternMatch) const

ITstream &	lookup (const word &keyword, bool recursive, bool patternMatch=true) const

template<class T >
T	lookupOrDefault (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, bool recursive, bool patternMatch=true) const

template<class T >
T	lookupOrAddDefault (const word &keyword, const T &deflt, bool recursive, bool patternMatch=true)

template<class T >
bool	readIfPresent (const word &keyword, T &val, bool recursive, bool patternMatch=true) const

template<class T >
T	lookupType (const word &keyword, bool recursive=false, bool patternMatch=true) const

bool	getBool (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const
	Same as get< bool >(const word&, keyType::option) More...

label	getLabel (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const
	Same as get< label >(const word&, keyType::option) More...

scalar	getScalar (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const
	Same as get< scalar >(const word&, keyType::option) More...

string	getString (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const
	Same as get< string >(const word&, keyType::option) More...

word	getWord (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const
	Same as get< word >(const word&, keyType::option) More...

fileName	getFileName (const word &keyword, enum keyType::option matchOpt=keyType::REGEX) const
	Same as get< fileName >(const word&, keyType::option) More...

template<class Compare >
Foam::wordList	sortedToc (const Compare &comp) const

template<class T >
Foam::entry *	add (const keyType &k, const T &v, bool overwrite)

template<class T >
Foam::entry *	set (const keyType &k, const T &v)

Public Member Functions inherited from ILList
	ILList ()=default

	ILList (T *item)

	ILList (Istream &is)

	ILList (const ILList< LListBase, T > &lst)

	ILList (ILList< LListBase, T > &&lst)

template<class CloneArg >
	ILList (const ILList< LListBase, T > &lst, const CloneArg &cloneArg)

template<class INew >
	ILList (Istream &is, const INew &inew)

	~ILList ()

bool	eraseHead ()

bool	erase (T *item)

void	clear ()

void	transfer (ILList< LListBase, T > &lst)

void	operator= (const ILList< LListBase, T > &lst)

void	operator= (ILList< LListBase, T > &&lst)

Additional Inherited Members
Public Types inherited from CombustionModel< ReactionThermo >
typedef ReactionThermo	reactionThermo

Public Types inherited from IOobject
enum	objectState : char { GOOD, BAD }

enum	readOption : char { MUST_READ, MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED, READ_IF_PRESENT, NO_READ }

enum	writeOption : char { AUTO_WRITE = 0, NO_WRITE = 1 }

enum	fileCheckTypes : char { timeStamp, timeStampMaster, inotify, inotifyMaster }

Public Types inherited from dictionary
typedef Searcher< true >	const_searcher

typedef Searcher< false >	searcher

Static Public Member Functions inherited from CombustionModel< ReactionThermo >
static autoPtr< CombustionModel >	New (ReactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties=combustionPropertiesName)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from combustionModel
template<class CombustionModel >
static autoPtr< CombustionModel >	New (typename CombustionModel::reactionThermo &thermo, const compressibleTurbulenceModel &turb, const word &combustionProperties)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from regIOobject
template<class Type >
static Type &	store (Type *p)

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (autoPtr< Type > &ptr)

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (autoPtr< Type > &&ptr)

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (refPtr< Type > &ptr)

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (refPtr< Type > &&ptr)

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (tmp< Type > &ptr)

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (tmp< Type > &&ptr)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from IOobject
static bool	bannerEnabled () noexcept

static bool	bannerEnabled (bool on) noexcept

static bool	fileNameComponents (const fileName &path, fileName &instance, fileName &local, word &name)

template<class StringType >
static word	groupName (StringType base, const word &group)

static word	group (const word &name)

static word	member (const word &name)

static word	scopedName (const std::string &scope, const word &name)

static IOobject	selectIO (const IOobject &io, const fileName &altFile, const word &ioName="")

static Ostream &	writeBanner (Ostream &os, const bool noSyntaxHint=false)

static Ostream &	writeDivider (Ostream &os)

static Ostream &	writeEndDivider (Ostream &os)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from dictionary
static int	reportOptional () noexcept

static int	reportOptional (const int level) noexcept

static autoPtr< dictionary >	New (Istream &is)

Public Attributes inherited from dictionary
friend	const_searcher

friend	searcher

Static Public Attributes inherited from combustionModel
static const word	combustionPropertiesName

Static Public Attributes inherited from IOobject
static const Enum< fileCheckTypes >	fileCheckTypesNames

static char	scopeSeparator

static fileCheckTypes	fileModificationChecking

static float	fileModificationSkew

static int	maxFileModificationPolls

Static Public Attributes inherited from dictionary
static int	writeOptionalEntries

static const dictionary	null

static refPtr< OSstream >	reportingOutput

Protected Member Functions inherited from laminar< ReactionThermo >
tmp< volScalarField >	tc () const

Protected Member Functions inherited from regIOobject
bool	readHeaderOk (const IOstreamOption::streamFormat fmt, const word &typeName)

Protected Member Functions inherited from IOobject
void	setBad (const string &s)

Static Protected Member Functions inherited from IOobject
static void	writeHeaderContent (Ostream &os, const IOobject &io, const word &objectType, const dictionary *metaDataDict=nullptr)

static void	writeHeaderContent (dictionary &dict, const IOobject &io, const word &objectType, IOstreamOption streamOpt, const dictionary *metaDataDict=nullptr)

Protected Attributes inherited from ChemistryCombustion< ReactionThermo >
autoPtr< BasicChemistryModel< ReactionThermo > >	chemistryPtr_

Protected Attributes inherited from combustionModel
const fvMesh &	mesh_

const compressibleTurbulenceModel &	turb_

Switch	active_

dictionary	coeffs_

const word	modelType_

Static Protected Attributes inherited from regIOobject
static bool	masterOnlyReading = false

Detailed Description

template<class ReactionThermo>
class Foam::combustionModels::EDC< ReactionThermo >

Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) turbulent combustion model.

This model considers that the reaction occurs in the regions of the flow where the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy takes place (fine structures). The mass fraction of the fine structures and the mean residence time are provided by an energy cascade model.

There are many versions and developments of the EDC model, 4 of which are currently supported in this implementation: v1981, v1996, v2005 and v2016. The model variant is selected using the optional version entry in the EDCCoeffs dictionary, e.g.

    EDCCoeffs
    {
        version v2016;
    }

The default version is v2015 if the version entry is not specified.

Model versions and references:

    Version v2005:

        Cgamma = 2.1377
        Ctau = 0.4083
        kappa = gammaL^exp1 / (1 - gammaL^exp2),

        where exp1 = 2, and exp2 = 2.

        Magnussen, B. F. (2005, June).
        The Eddy Dissipation Concept -
        A Bridge Between Science and Technology.
        In ECCOMAS thematic conference on computational combustion
        (pp. 21-24).

    Version v1981:

        Changes coefficients exp1 = 3 and exp2 = 3

        Magnussen, B. (1981, January).
        On the structure of turbulence and a generalized
        eddy dissipation concept for chemical reaction in turbulent flow.
        In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting (p. 42).

    Version v1996:

        Changes coefficients exp1 = 2 and exp2 = 3

        Gran, I. R., & Magnussen, B. F. (1996).
        A numerical study of a bluff-body stabilized diffusion flame.
        Part 2. Influence of combustion modeling and finite-rate chemistry.
        Combustion Science and Technology, 119(1-6), 191-217.

    Version v2016:

        Use local constants computed from the turbulent Da and Re numbers.

        Parente, A., Malik, M. R., Contino, F., Cuoci, A., & Dally, B. B.
        (2016).
        Extension of the Eddy Dissipation Concept for
        turbulence/chemistry interactions to MILD combustion.
        Fuel, 163, 98-111.

Source files